第 13 节并入：热性惊厥、长途旅行防血栓（2026-10-14）

不新增条目，只往两条已有条目里并内容。

第 16 条（有人抽搐倒地）并入孩子发烧时抽搐

标题末尾加了「；孩子发烧时抽搐也一样」，原字未删。成本标签不加人群（成人同样适用）。

NHS. Febrile seizures

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/febrile-seizures/（2026-10-14 带代理取得，页面写 Page last reviewed: 21 June 2023）

逐字摘录：

  • 「A febrile seizure can seem frightening, but it's unlikely to harm your child or cause long-term effects.」
  • 「Febrile seizures usually last for 2 to 3 minutes. It's rare for them to last more than 10 minutes.」
  • 「They usually affect children between 6 months and 6 years old.」
  • Call 999 or go to A&E if your child：「has a seizure for the first time」「has a seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes」「is having difficulty breathing」「has stiffness and twitching on only 1 side of their body」「is more sleepy than usual for more than 1 hour after the seizure stops」「has more than 1 seizure within 24 hours」
  • 「Do not take your child to A&E if they are still having a seizure or are unconscious, call 999 instead.」
  • Do：「check the time the seizure starts and ends」「protect their head with your hands or something soft」「remove any dangerous objects that are nearby」「after the seizure ends, put your child in the recovery position and make sure there is nothing in their mouth or throat that might affect their breathing」
  • Don't：「do not move your child or try to hold them in place」「do not put anything in your child's mouth」「do not try to lower your child's temperature by undressing them or sponging them with cold water」
  • 「But your child will need to be checked in hospital after having a febrile seizure for the first time.」

AAP 2011

Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures, American Academy of Pediatrics (2011). Neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a simple febrile seizure. Pediatrics 127(2):389-394. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-3318，PMID 21285335。摘要取自 Europe PMC：

  • 「To formulate evidence-based recommendations … about the diagnosis and evaluation of a simple febrile seizure in infants and young children 6 through 60 months of age」
  • 「Clinicians evaluating infants or young children after a simple febrile seizure should direct their attention toward identifying the cause of the child's fever.」
  • 「In general, a simple febrile seizure does not usually require further evaluation, specifically electroencephalography, blood studies, or neuroimaging.」

这份指南讲的是医生怎么检查，不讲现场急救；只用来说明「单纯热性惊厥一般不用做脑电图、抽血、脑部影像」。

没取到、没写的

  • 中华医学会儿科学分会《热性惊厥诊断治疗与管理专家共识（2017 实用版）》：期号未核实，按推测的中华实用儿科临床杂志 2017 年第 18 期 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-428X.2017.18.001 到 .010 逐个试 DOI（001 是别的文章），跳到万方后全是「人机校验」页，无头 Chrome 也一样，原文未取得，没引。
  • 「别掐人中」：NHS、CDC、AAP 三份都没有这句，卫健委站内搜索「热性惊厥」「高热惊厥」「掐人中」也没搜到可用页面，没有原始来源，正文没写。
  • 「别泡冷水」按 NHS 原文改成「别脱衣服、别拿冷水擦身降温」，原文是 sponging，不是泡。

第 11 条（一条腿突然肿起来）并入长途旅行

标题没加字：原标题已约 45 字，再加「坐 4 小时以上」一段会过长，只改了说人话、收益、来源、备注。

WHO WRIGHT 项目（2007 年新闻稿，来源栏原有）

https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2007-study-results-released-on-travel-and-blood-clots

  • 「the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) approximately doubles after travel lasting four hours or more」「about 1 in 6000」
  • 「plane, train, bus or automobile passengers are at higher risk of VTE when they remain seated and immobile on journeys of more than four hours」
  • 「This study did not investigate effective preventive measures against DVT and VTE. However, experts recognize that blood circulation can be promoted by exercising the calf muscles with up-and-down movements of the feet at the ankle joints.」
  • 「People should also avoid wearing tight clothing during travel」
  • 「Individuals with questions regarding prevention of VTE should consult their physicians before travelling.」

WRIGHT 第一阶段报告全文没有另找；新闻稿已写明研究不检验预防办法，所以「起来走动」的依据改用 NHS。

NHS. DVT (deep vein thrombosis)

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/（Page last reviewed: 30 April 2026）

  • 「If you're travelling for 4 hours or more by plane, train or car, there are things you can do during the journey to lower your chances of getting DVT.」后列「wearing loose clothing」「drinking plenty of water」「avoiding alcohol」「walking around when possible」
  • 「do not sit still for long periods of time – get up and move around every hour or so」

Cochrane 2021

Clarke MJ, Broderick C, Hopewell S, Juszczak E, Eisinga A (2021). Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD004002. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004002.pub4，PMID 33878207。摘要取自 Europe PMC：

  • 「Twelve randomised trials (n = 2918) were included in this review」「All flights had a duration of more than five hours.」
  • 「Eight trials included people judged to be at low or medium risk of developing DVT (n = 1598) and two included high-risk participants (n = 1273).」
  • 「Fifty of 2637 participants with follow-up data available in the trials of wearing compression stockings on both legs had a symptomless DVT; three wore stockings, 47 did not (odds ratio (OR) 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.25, P < 0.001; high-certainty evidence).」
  • 「No deaths, pulmonary emboli or symptomatic DVTs were reported.」
  • 「We cannot assess the effect of wearing stockings on death, pulmonary embolism or symptomatic DVT because no such events occurred in these trials.」

终点是没症状、靠检查查出来的血栓，属于替代终点，正文如实写了「能不能防住死亡、肺栓塞还算不出来」，也因此只写「有高危因素的问医生要不要穿」，不写人人都穿。证据等级维持 B，收益量级维持原来的「大」（由确诊肺栓塞的死亡率定，与压力袜无关）。