追加：读研读博 · 核实记录（2026-10-13）

任务来源：issue #128，读者想要「本科毕业要不要读硕士、硕士毕业要不要读博士」的成本和回报比较，申请新开一节。

落点：不开新节，追加在第 23 节末尾为第 24、25 条，节首导语和导览各加一句、一块。原有第 6 条（读书还是打工）、第 7 条（全球平均 9%）只算「多读一年」，没有分学位层级。

第 24 条（读硕士）

URL	复核	原文引句
https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2013/content_2404719.htm（国务院公报，财教〔2013〕19号）	是	「原则上，现阶段全日制学术学位研究生学费标准，硕士生每生每年不超过8000元，博士生每生每年不超过1万元。全日制专业学位研究生以及目前已按规定实行收费政策的研究生，暂执行原收费政策。」「研究生国家助学金范围覆盖全国研究生招生计划内的所有全日制研究生。博士生资助标准不低于每生每年1万元，硕士生资助标准不低于每生每年6000元。」
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5f609e478fa8f5106d1563cc/PG_LEO_report_FINAL.pdf（英国教育部，2020-09，pdftotext 逐字取执行摘要）	是	「Once we control for differences between students, the earnings gap between undergraduate and masters and PhD graduates drops significantly: we estimate returns of 2% (women) and -2% (men) for masters and 8% (women) and -9% (men) for PhDs.」「LEM subjects give the highest returns of around 20% at age 35, but courses such as creative arts, English and philosophy lead to earnings more than 10% lower」「Returns for men by masters subject are lower, with statistically significant negative returns at age 35 for most subjects. However LEM subjects and engineering still yield strongly positive returns for men.」「Our estimated returns for postgraduate degree are considerably smaller than previous estimates from the UK, which have been consistently positive.」

2024 年财教〔2024〕181 号（答记者问 https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202410/content_6983672.htm）提高的是研究生国家奖学金名额和中央高校研究生学业奖学金的中央财政支持标准，研究生国家助学金没调，所以正文仍按 2013 年的下限写。博士国家助学金中央高校的实际标准没有逐字核到，正文只写「不低于 1 万元」。

国内找过同样扣掉个人差别、按学位层级分开算的收入研究，没找到能逐字核对的；网上流传的「读硕士工资高近八成」出自一家在华招聘咨询公司的网站（teamedupchina.com），没有方法说明，不收。定级 B（争议）：单项研究、外国数据、样本是二三十年前毕业的人，作者自己说和以前的英国估计方向相反。收益量级「大」按金钱口径套：涉及两三年工资和学费，是万元级。

第 25 条（读博士）

URL	复核	原文引句
同上英国教育部报告	是	博士数字同上；「PGCEs are a relatively 'safe' choice … they reduce the chances of not being in employment, as well as earning less than £30k, but decrease the probability of earning more than £40k. We see quite similar patterns for PhD degrees」；「PhDs in maths having remarkably low returns and psychology being one of the highest return PhDs for both genders」
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93687-7（Europe PMC 摘要，PMID 34257319）	是	「Among 16 studies reporting the prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression across 23,469 Ph.D. students, the pooled estimate of the proportion of students with depression was 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-0.31; I2 = 98.75%)」「nine studies … across 15,626 students, the estimated proportion of students with anxiety was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.12-0.23; I2 = 98.05%)」
https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16081355（Europe PMC 摘要，PMID 42651532）	是	「showing small differences between doctoral and master's students but more widespread symptom elevations relative to Chinese population and youth norms」

定级 B（争议）：收入同第 24 条；心理健康是患病比例的汇总，没有对照组，不能说明因果。收益量级「大」同第 24 条。